McAllen, Texas Party Bus Rentals!
McAllen groups have one fast way to compare party buses, minibuses, and charter buses — fill out a quick form on Partybus-rental.net and see vehicles, options, and pricing in under 30 seconds. No account required, no obligation, and a support team is standing by at 833-458-7001 any time you'd rather talk it through.
Find the Right Party Bus Service in McAllen
Partybus-rental.net is not a bus company. It doesn't own vehicles, and it doesn't take bookings directly. What it does is make finding the right group transportation in McAllen genuinely easy — you fill out one quick form, and pricing and vehicle options from providers serving the Rio Grande Valley come back in seconds.
Compare sizes, amenities, and rates all in one place instead of calling company after company and describing your trip from scratch.
That's the whole point. Whether you're moving 12 people to a quinceañera in Edinburg or 50 colleagues to a convention at the McAllen Convention Center, Partybus-rental.net puts the options in front of you fast. Sprinter limos, party buses, minibuses, full-size charter buses — the full range of vehicle types is available, and you can see what's out there without picking up the phone if you don't want to.
And if you do want to talk to a person, call 833-458-7001 any time, any day.
Types of Buses Available in McAllen
McAllen groups can compare 14-passenger Sprinter limos, 15–35 passenger minibuses, 15- to 50-passenger party buses, and 40–56 passenger charter buses through one quick search. Not sure which size fits your group? The bus types guide breaks it down, or call 833-458-7001 and a live agent will walk you through it.
Vehicle photos show representative examples — exact make, model, color, interior, features, and availability vary by provider and trip.
14 Passenger Sprinter Limo
Sprinter Van Rental with Driver
15 Passenger Party Bus
18 Passenger Party Bus
20 Passenger Party Bus
25 Passenger Party Bus
28 Passenger Party Bus
30 Passenger Party Bus
40 Passenger Party Bus
50 Passenger Party Bus
15-35 Passenger Minibus
40-56 Passenger Charter Bus
Buses and vehicles shown above are NOT the exact makes and models available for every trip. We are NOT a bus company and do not own or operate vehicles. Photos are examples only and may show stock or typical vehicles, not the exact vehicle offered for your reservation. Fill out the online quote form or call 833-458-7001 to view current vehicle options, photos, availability, and pricing. Confirm the exact vehicle details and amenities before booking.
Modern Onboard Bus Amenities for Your McAllen Trip
The right amenities depend entirely on what kind of trip you're running. A quinceañera crew heading to a venue in McAllen might want a party bus with color-changing LED lighting, Bluetooth sound, and perimeter seating — that's built for celebrating from the first pickup. A corporate group shuttling between the McAllen Convention Center and nearby hotels is going to care more about reclining seats, climate control, and overhead storage than a light show.
Full-size charter buses typically include onboard restrooms, undercarriage luggage bays, WiFi, and power outlets — useful for longer runs to San Antonio or Monterrey. Sprinter vans are a clean, cost-effective pick for smaller executive groups or airport runs, with premium leather and USB charging at every seat. Compare what's available by vehicle type through the party bus amenities guide or the charter bus amenities guide.
Air-conditioning
Wraparound Leather Seats
AUX / Bluetooth Sound System
LED and Fiber Optic Lighting
Built-in Bar Areas With Ice Storage and Cup Holders
TVs and Entertainment Systems
Amenities listed above are common features that MAY be available on party buses. Because we are a referral website and do NOT own or operate buses, exact features vary by vehicle, provider, and availability. After you submit your quote request, you can browse vehicle options, pricing, and available details on the results page. To confirm the exact amenities included with a specific vehicle offered for your trip, call 833-458-7001 before booking.
McAllen Party Bus Prices and Rates
McAllen party bus rental prices shift with the vehicle size, the date, and how many hours you need. To give you a working range: 14-passenger Sprinter limos generally run $150–$300/hour; smaller party buses (15–20 passengers) run roughly $175–$350/hour; mid-size party buses (20–30 passengers) run $225–$400/hour; larger party buses and minibuses (35–50 passengers) run $275–$475/hour; and full-size charter buses tend to run $125–$275/hour or $1,000–$2,200 for a full day.
Those are ballpark figures — your actual quote moves with the specifics of your trip. The fastest way to get a quote is to fill out the quick form on this site and see pricing in under 30 seconds, or call 833-458-7001 and a live agent can build a custom quote around your headcount, date, and itinerary. Check the party bus prices page for a deeper look at how pricing works.
| Type of Bus | Cost Per Hour Weekdays | Cost Per Hour Weekends | Cost Per Day |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14 Passenger Sprinter Limo | $204 – $318+ | $219 – $344+ | $1,526 – $3,113+ |
| Sprinter Van Rental | $203 – $273+ | $218 – $366+ | $1,395 – $2,748+ |
| 15 Passenger Party Bus | $204 – $330+ | $241 – $340+ | $1,396 – $2,817+ |
| 18 Passenger Party Bus | $266 – $330+ | $268 – $378+ | $2,121 – $2,563+ |
| 20 Passenger Party Bus | $244 – $338+ | $268 – $340+ | $1,939 – $2,796+ |
| 25 Passenger Party Bus | $248 – $326+ | $265 – $360+ | $1,827 – $2,854+ |
| 28 Passenger Party Bus | $255 – $337+ | $279 – $351+ | $2,147 – $2,653+ |
| 30 Passenger Party Bus | $297 – $374+ | $318 – $414+ | $2,331 – $3,021+ |
| 40 Passenger Party Bus | $297 – $338+ | $321 – $478+ | $2,297 – $3,473+ |
| 50 Passenger Party Bus | $294 – $441+ | $337 – $490+ | $2,173 – $4,043+ |
| 15–35 Passenger Minibus | $207 – $246+ | $209 – $261+ | $1,098 – $2,105+ |
| 40–56 Passenger Charter Bus | $206 – $327+ | $208 – $348+ | $1,331 – $2,841+ |
| ABOVE PRICES ARE JUST EXAMPLES. Your final price and vehicle options depend entirely on your specific trip details. To get an exact price for your trip, request an estimate online or call 833-458-7001. | |||
Match Your Group to the Right McAllen Party Bus
The Rio Grande Valley has plenty of transportation options scattered across McAllen, Edinburg, Mission, and Pharr — but tracking them down one by one, explaining your trip to every company, and trying to compare quotes that never quite line up is a real headache. Partybus-rental.net cuts all of that out. One form, one call, and you can see vehicles and pricing from providers covering the entire Valley side by side.
You're never stuck with one fleet. Because Partybus-rental.net pulls from a wide network of providers serving the McAllen area, you get to compare different vehicle types — party buses, Sprinter limos, minibuses, charter buses — and find what actually fits your group's size and budget. Pricing is available any time of day or night, no account required.
A support team is also available at 833-458-7001 every day of the year to help you narrow it down, answer questions, and put together a package that works.
For prom groups, quinceañera families, and wedding planners — the busiest booking windows fill fast. Getting your quote early means more vehicle choices and better pricing. There's no obligation to look, so the smart move is to check availability as soon as your date is set.
Group Transportation Services in McAllen
From airport transfers at McAllen Miller International to wedding shuttles, bachelorette nights, prom, sporting events, concerts, corporate shuttles, and school field trips — whatever's bringing your group together in McAllen, options for it are in the network. Call 833-458-7001 to get started.

Getting Your Group In and Out of McAllen Miller International Airport
McAllen Miller International Airport (MFE) (2500 S Bicentennial Blvd, McAllen, TX 78503) is a mid-size regional airport — manageable on most days, but curbside coordination with a large group is still a headache when half the party lands at different times and everyone has checked luggage. Ground transportation pickup is outside the baggage claim area. Get your full group assembled with bags before the bus moves to the curb — trying to load in waves at a busy airport pickup zone slows everyone down.
For groups flying into San Antonio International (SAT) or Laredo International (LRD) and transferring to McAllen by bus, a charter bus handles the luggage-heavy transfer in one shot — no Uber pooling, no rented vans, no one waiting at baggage claim while the rest of the group stands outside. Call 833-458-7001 to map out your airport transfer logistics.

Bachelor and Bachelorette Party Bus Rentals in McAllen
McAllen's nightlife runs along and around Nolana Avenue and the downtown district — bars, clubs, and late-night spots spread across a compact enough area that a party bus makes a genuinely fun circuit out of the night instead of a logistical puzzle. Bar-hopping between spots in downtown McAllen and then crossing over to Reynosa, Mexico for a late dinner or club night is a common itinerary for local groups, though border crossing logistics require planning around wait times on the Anzalduas or Hidalgo bridges.
A 20- to 30-passenger party bus for a bachelorette night in McAllen keeps the whole crew together from the first stop to the last, with a built-in sound system and lighting to match whatever playlist the maid of honor has loaded. No one's splitting into separate rideshares at 1 a.m. trying to figure out where the next stop is. Compare McAllen bachelor and bachelorette bus options or call 833-458-7001.

Quinceañera, Sweet 16, and Birthday Party Buses in McAllen
The Rio Grande Valley has one of the highest concentrations of quinceañera celebrations in the country, and McAllen is right at the center of it. A party bus arrival to the venue — whether it's a banquet hall off Expressway 83, a ballroom at one of the larger hotels near the convention center, or a private venue in Edinburg or Mission — is one of the most memorable moments of the night. Groups of 15 to 30 guests fit well in a party bus with full LED lighting, perimeter seating, and sound.
For Sweet 16s and milestone birthday outings heading to dinner in the La Plaza Mall area or a night out in downtown McAllen, a birthday party bus keeps the group intact and the energy up without anyone stuck in the back of an Uber solo. Book early — quinceañera season in the Valley runs spring through fall, and the best vehicles book weeks ahead. Call 833-458-7001 to check availability for your date.

Concert and Event Shuttles Across the Rio Grande Valley
McAllen and the surrounding Valley host a steady stream of concerts and touring events, most of them running through Payne Arena in Hidalgo (formerly State Farm Hidalgo Arena, 2600 N 10th St, Hidalgo, TX 78557) — a 7,000-seat venue that draws national touring acts and major boxing cards. Parking on 10th Street backs up fast on show nights, and rideshare demand spikes sharply after the last song. Groups that try to reassemble 20-plus people in the Payne Arena rideshare queue post-show are in for a wait.
A McAllen concert bus drops your group at the venue entrance and has a pickup plan already in place for when the show ends — no one is standing in a parking lot trying to coordinate rides at midnight. Party buses with Bluetooth sound and LED lighting keep the energy up from the first pickup to the last drop-off. Compare concert bus options and pricing in under 30 seconds, or call 833-458-7001.

Corporate Group Transportation for McAllen Business Events
The McAllen Convention Center (700 Convention Center Blvd, McAllen, TX 78501) anchors most of the city's large corporate events and trade shows — the facility runs more than 165,000 square feet of exhibit and meeting space, and parking on Convention Center Boulevard fills up quickly during multi-day events. Shuttling employees or attendees between downtown hotels and the convention center by minibus keeps your group on schedule without anyone circling the lot during peak arrival windows.
For executive transfers between McAllen and the Anzalduas International Bridge crossing into Reynosa — a common corridor for maquiladora-linked industry travel — a Sprinter van is a clean, low-profile pick. The Sprinter Van Rental with Driver option is worth reviewing for that kind of point-to-point executive run. For larger corporate shuttles, a minibus gives you the maneuverability to navigate downtown McAllen's tighter streets without the footprint of a full motorcoach.
Call 833-458-7001 for corporate rate discussions.

Private Event Transportation in McAllen, Texas
Family reunions, church retreats, wedding anniversary dinners, charity galas — private events in McAllen cover a huge range of group sizes and venues. The International Museum of Art & Science (1900 W Nolana Ave, McAllen, TX 78504) hosts private events and galas. The Quinta Mazatlán (600 Sunset Dr, McAllen, TX 78503), a historic 1930s Spanish Colonial Revival mansion on four acres, is one of the most sought-after private event spaces in the Valley.
Getting 30 or 40 guests to and from a private event venue without turning a beautiful evening into a parking and logistics scramble is exactly what a minibus is built for.
For large private events drawing guests from across the Valley — Harlingen, Brownsville, Laredo, or across the border — a charter bus consolidates the travel into one smooth, comfortable run. Compare private event bus options or call 833-458-7001 to build a custom package around your headcount and itinerary.

Prom and Homecoming Party Bus Rentals for McAllen Area Schools
McAllen is served by McAllen ISD, Edinburg CISD, Mission CISD, and Pharr-San Juan-Alamo ISD — all of them running prom and homecoming events within a tight window each spring. That window is typically late April through mid-May, and the demand for party buses across the Valley spikes hard during those six weeks. A 20-passenger party bus split among a group of friends comes out well under $100 per person for the night — far less painful than it sounds when you work the per-person math.
For prom: book by January or expect to find limited availability and higher pricing by March. The schools hold events close together in the calendar, and the most popular vehicles are gone early. Partybus-rental.net makes it fast to check what's available for your exact date — fill out the form or call 833-458-7001 now so your group isn't scrambling in April.

School Field Trip and Student Group Transportation in McAllen
McAllen ISD schools, UT Rio Grande Valley, South Texas College, and dozens of private and charter schools across Hidalgo County rely on group transportation for field trips, athletic travel, and academic competitions. The Quinta Mazatlán (600 Sunset Dr) and the International Museum of Art & Science (1900 W Nolana Ave) are two of the most popular field trip destinations in the city. For longer runs — trips to San Antonio's River Walk, the Alamo, or Natural Bridge Caverns — a full-size charter bus with onboard restrooms and overhead storage makes the multi-hour drive genuinely manageable for students and teachers alike.
ADA-accessible vehicles are available through the network — mention the requirement when you request your quote. Teachers will appreciate having one clean point of contact for the whole trip instead of coordinating with multiple vendors. Fill out the quick form or call 833-458-7001 to get pricing for your school group's date and destination.

Sporting Event Charter Buses and Party Buses in McAllen
The Rio Grande Valley's former Rio Grande Valley FC Toros played at the Robert and Janet Vackar Stadium in Edinburg, formerly H-E-B Park (1616 S Raul Longoria Rd, Edinburg, TX 78542). The venue now serves as the home of UTRGV football and holds nearly 10,000 people. Getting a group of 20-plus fans to the stadium without a car-splitting headache is straightforward on a minibus — group drop-off and parking procedures are easier to manage when everyone travels together.
For fan groups traveling to San Antonio to catch a Spurs game at Frost Bank Center (a roughly 4-hour drive north on US-281), a charter bus is the clear call — comfortable seating, onboard restrooms, and no one drawing straws for designated driver duty. Compare sporting event bus options or call 833-458-7001 to plan the trip.

Wedding Transportation and Shuttle Services in McAllen
McAllen's wedding season is year-round, with the biggest volume running September through November and again in spring. Popular reception venues include the Embassy Suites by Hilton McAllen Convention Center (1800 S 2nd St, McAllen, TX 78503), which sits adjacent to the convention center with a large ballroom, and private event halls scattered across Edinburg, Mission, and Pharr. Guests staying at hotel blocks along US-83 or Expressway 83 who are heading to a reception venue in a different part of the Valley are looking at a 15–25 minute drive each way — manageable for locals, less obvious for out-of-town guests unfamiliar with McAllen's road layout.
A wedding shuttle minibus running timed loops between the hotel block and the venue means guests arrive together, no one gets lost, and the parking situation at the venue stays clean. A 14-passenger Sprinter limo is the right pick for the bridal party on the wedding day itself. Compare McAllen wedding transportation options or call 833-458-7001.

Brewery Crawls and Night-Out Transportation in McAllen
McAllen's craft beer and bar scene has grown steadily, with local spots like Border Brewing Company (formerly operating in the area) and a growing number of bars and lounges in the downtown corridor and along Nolana giving groups a real multi-stop itinerary to work with. Add a dinner reservation at one of the restaurants in the La Plaza Mall area or along 10th Street and you have a full evening that's genuinely annoying to coordinate across five separate cars.
A party bus or minibus for a McAllen bar crawl means everyone boards together at the first stop, the group stays intact across every venue, and nobody is making a midnight rideshare call from an unfamiliar part of town. For groups also wanting to cross into Reynosa for a late-night dinner or club — a common Valley move — plan your border crossing timing carefully around bridge wait times. Compare pub crawl and tour bus options or call 833-458-7001.
How to Book Your McAllen Party Bus
Submit Your Request
Use the online quote tool to share your trip details, including the date, passenger count, and pickup and drop-off locations. It only takes about a minute to fill out.
Compare Vehicles and Pricing
You'll continue to a national booking platform, where you can review pricing, vehicle photos, and details for buses serving McAllen to find the right fit for your group.
Book Your Bus
Choose the bus that fits your group, review the final trip details, and complete your booking right on the platform. Now you can relax!
Party Bus & Group Transportation in McAllen & Beyond

Nearby Cities You Can Get Bus Rentals To
Frequently Asked Questions About McAllen Party Bus Rentals
How does this website work?
Partybus-rental.net helps you compare bus rental options; it is not the bus company and does not rent, own, or operate vehicles. When you submit the quote form, your trip details go through a booking company so you can review pricing and available vehicles for your date. You compare the options and book through the process shown with your quote.
How much does a party bus cost in McAllen, Texas?
McAllen party bus rental prices vary with vehicle type, date, and how many hours you need. General ranges: 14-passenger Sprinter limos run $150–$300/hour; 15–20 passenger party buses run $175–$350/hour; 20–30 passenger party buses run $225–$400/hour; 35–50 passenger party buses and minibuses run $275–$475/hour; and full-size charter buses run $125–$275/hour or $1,000–$2,200/day. These are planning ranges — your quote depends on your specific date, trip length, and vehicle.
Fill out the form or call 833-458-7001 for pricing on your exact trip in under a minute. The party bus prices page breaks down the cost factors in more detail.
What is Partybus-rental.net?
Partybus-rental.net is a quote-comparison website for group ground transportation. It's not a bus company and doesn't own any vehicles. The site makes it easy to search options from providers serving McAllen and the surrounding area in one place, so you can compare vehicle types, sizes, and pricing without calling multiple companies and repeating your trip details.
You're never limited to a single fleet — you get to see what fits your group and your budget.
What's the difference between a party bus and a charter bus in McAllen?
Party buses are built for celebrating — perimeter seating, LED lighting, premium sound systems, and a bar setup. They seat roughly 15 to 50 passengers and are the go-to for bachelorette nights, quinceañeras, proms, and birthday outings. Charter buses are configured for transportation — rows of forward-facing reclining seats, overhead bins, undercarriage luggage storage, onboard restrooms, WiFi, and power outlets.
They seat up to 56 and are the right call for long-distance runs (San Antonio, Houston, Corpus Christi), school groups, or large corporate shuttles. The party bus guide and charter bus guide walk through the differences in detail.
Can a bus travel between McAllen and other Texas cities?
Yes — charter buses in the network regularly run McAllen to San Antonio (roughly 4 hours on US-281 N), McAllen to Corpus Christi (about 2.5 hours via US-77), and McAllen to Houston (5–6 hours via US-281 and I-37 or US-59). For long-distance runs, a full-size charter bus with onboard restrooms and reclining seats makes the drive genuinely comfortable. Quote the trip the same way — fill out the form with your origin, destination, and group size, or call 833-458-7001.
How does a bus pick up my group at McAllen Miller International Airport?
McAllen Miller International Airport (MFE) handles commercial ground transportation pickup outside the baggage claim area. The key step: get your full group together with all luggage before the bus moves to the curb. Trying to coordinate a rolling pickup at a busy arrivals curb — some passengers still at baggage claim, others already outside — costs time and creates confusion.
Have your group coordinator contact the bus once everyone is assembled outside at the agreed-upon pickup point. The official McAllen Airport website has current ground transportation and parking information worth reviewing before your arrival day.
When do I need to book for a quinceañera or prom in McAllen?
Quinceañera season in the Rio Grande Valley runs roughly March through November, with spring (April–June) and fall (September–October) being the peak months. Prom season across McAllen ISD and the surrounding Valley districts clusters in late April and May — multiple schools hold events within the same few weekends, and the most popular party buses are gone weeks in advance. For either event, booking 3–5 months out is the standard advice.
Waiting until 4–6 weeks before your date almost always means fewer choices and higher pricing. The earlier you lock in your date, the better the vehicle selection.
How far in advance should I book?
For most McAllen trips — a night out, a birthday, a sporting event — 3–6 weeks of lead time is workable, though earlier is always better for vehicle selection. For high-demand dates — prom (late April–May), quinceañera season (spring and fall), New Year's Eve, and major events at Payne Arena — book 3–5 months out. The closer you get to a peak date without a reservation, the higher the pricing and the thinner the availability.
There's no cost to check — fill out the form right now and see what's available for your date.
Popular McAllen Party Bus Destinations
McAllen groups head to stadiums, museums, convention halls, and border crossings that each come with their own logistics. Below are six of the most popular destinations area groups book transportation to — real operational details for each one. And if your spot isn't on this list, a bus can get your group there — call 833-458-7001 or fill out the form.

Payne Arena
Payne Arena (2600 N. 10th St, Hidalgo, TX 78557, (956) 777-2700) is a Rio Grande Valley indoor venue — a 7,000-seat arena that hosts concerts, boxing events, and family shows. Parking is available in surface lots surrounding the arena off 10th Street, but lots fill fast on sold-out nights. Rideshare demand spikes hard post-event as several thousand people try to leave the same parking area simultaneously.
A minibus or party bus drops your group at the entrance and has your return pickup already staged — you skip the post-show lot scramble entirely. Check the official Payne Arena website for event-specific parking and entry guidance before your visit.

Robert and Janet Vackar Stadium
Robert and Janet Vackar Stadium, formerly H-E-B Park (1616 S Raul Longoria Rd, Edinburg, TX 78542), is home to UTRGV football and holds nearly 10,000 people. On big game nights, parking near the stadium is managed through designated lots and shuttles. Fan groups coming from McAllen, Mission, or Pharr end up in separate cars with no easy assembly point after the final whistle.
A party bus or minibus keeps the entire supporter group together and stages for the return trip without anyone navigating post-game traffic on their own. Review the UTRGV football parking and transportation page for game-day parking and entry details.

McAllen Convention Center
The McAllen Convention Center (700 Convention Center Blvd, McAllen, TX 78501, (956) 681-3800) offers more than 165,000 square feet of exhibit, meeting, and ballroom space — the largest convention facility in South Texas. Multi-day trade shows, corporate conferences, and large galas draw attendees from across the Valley and from Monterrey, Mexico. Convention Center Boulevard parking fills during peak events, and guests staying at nearby hotels along US-83 frequently need shuttle service.
A minibus circuit between hotel blocks and the convention center keeps your attendees on schedule without anyone adding a parking hunt to their morning commute. The official convention center website has parking and loading information for event planners.

Quinta Mazatlán
Quinta Mazatlán (600 Sunset Dr, McAllen, TX 78503, (956) 681-3370) is a 1930s Spanish Colonial Revival mansion set on four acres of native South Texas habitat — one of the most photographed private event and wedding venues in the Rio Grande Valley. The property is run by the City of McAllen as a World Birding Center site and urban nature sanctuary, which means parking on Sunset Drive is limited and oversized vehicles need to plan their approach in advance. For weddings and private galas held on the grounds, a minibus shuttle running loops from a nearby hotel block is the cleanest solution — guests arrive without parking pressure, and the grounds stay uncluttered.
Contact Quinta Mazatlán directly at the number above to confirm current access and staging options for group arrivals.

International Museum of Art & Science (IMAS)
The International Museum of Art & Science (1900 W Nolana Ave, McAllen, TX 78504, (956) 682-1564) is McAllen's flagship cultural institution — a facility with rotating fine art exhibitions, a natural science collection, and a planetarium. IMAS hosts school field trips, corporate receptions, and gala events throughout the year. Nolana Avenue parking is available but constrained during ticketed evening events and opening night receptions.
For school groups, a charter bus with storage for backpacks and equipment pulls right up to the museum entrance, making the load-in and load-out clean and quick. For evening galas, a minibus shuttle from a central hotel keeps guests from competing for Nolana Avenue street parking on a busy night. Visit the IMAS official website for hours, event listings, and group tour information.

La Plaza Mall
La Plaza Mall (2200 S 10th St, McAllen, TX 78503, (956) 687-3611) is the largest shopping mall in South Texas and one of the top retail destinations in the entire US-Mexico border region — drawing shoppers from across Hidalgo County and from Monterrey and Reynosa, Mexico. On major shopping weekends (Black Friday, the week before Christmas, back-to-school), the parking lots surrounding the mall on 10th Street and Expressway 83 back up significantly. For groups coming from Edinburg, Mission, or across the border for a dedicated shopping day, a minibus or charter bus consolidates the trip and eliminates the parking lottery.
Drop-off is along the main mall entrance corridors; bus staging is available in the outer surface lots. Groups making a day of it at La Plaza can combine with dinner nearby and book the bus for the full circuit.